Đại Việt (大越 [ɗâjˀ vjə̀t], literally "Great Viet") is the name of Vietnam for two periods from 1054 to 1400, and again from 1428 until 1804. Beginning with the rule of Lý Thánh Tông (r. 1054–1072), the third king of the Lý Dynasty until the rule of Gia Long (r. 1802–1820), the first king of the Nguyễn Dynasty, it was the second-longest used name for the country after "Văn Lang".
Previously, since the rule of Đinh Bộ Lĩnh (r. 968–979), the country had been referred to officially as "Đại Cồ Việt" (大瞿越); cồ (𡚝) is a synonym of 大. The term "Việt" is cognate with the Chinese word "Yue", a name applied in ancient times to various non-Chinese groups who lived in what is now southern China and northern Vietnam. In 1010 Lý Thái Tổ, founder of the Lý Dynasty, moved the capital of Đại Cồ Việt to Thăng Long (Hanoi) and built the Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long where the Hanoi Citadel later stood.
In 1054, Lý Thánh Tông - the third Lý king - renamed the country to Đại Việt. In 1149 the Lý dynasty opened Vân Đồn seaport in the modern north-eastern province of Quảng Ninh for foreign trade.[1]
The Dai Viet successfully stopped attacks by the Khmer Empire, under Suryavarman II, in 1128, 1132 and 1138. A final expedition in 1150 had to withdraw before it could attack.[2]:160
In 1400, the founder of the Hồ dynasty, Hồ Quý Ly, changed the country's name to "Đại Ngu" (大虞). In 1407, Vietnam once fell under Ming dynasty domination, which lasted until 1427, they renamed the area "Giao Chỉ". In 1428, Lê Lợi, the founder of the Lê dynasty, liberated Giao Chỉ and once again restored the kingdom as "Đại Việt".
The name "Đại Việt" came to end when the Nguyễn dynasty took power. The country's name was officially changed yet again, in 1804, this time to "Việt Nam" (越南) by Gia Long.
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