ឧទ្ធម្ភាចក្រ Kamov Ka-50 តាមប្រភពពត៍មានថា មាន ៤ ជំនាញក្នុងឧទ្ធម្ភាចក្រតែមួយនេះ ដែលនាំឲ្យ វាមានលក្ខណៈពិសេស ចំណោម ០៧ មុខងារដូចជា៖
- 👉 7. Military Search and Rescue Helicopters ប្រតិបត្តិការ រុករក សង្រ្គោះ
- 👉 6. Military Multi-Role Helicopters ប្រតិបត្តិការ ចម្រុះ
- 👉 5. Military Maritime Helicopters ប្រតិបត្តិការ ជើងទឹក
- 👉 4. Military Utility Helicopters ប្រតិបត្តិការ បម្រើការទូទៅ
- 👉 3. Military Observation Helicopters ប្រតិបត្តិការ សង្កេតការណ៍/ស៊ើបការណ៍
- 👉 2. Military Transport Helicopters ប្រតិបត្តិការ ដឹកជញ្ជូន និង
- 👉 1. Military Attack Helicopters ប្រតិបត្តិការ សឹក
The Kamov Ka-50 "Black Shark" (Russian: Чёрная акула, romanized: Chyornaya akula, English: kitefin shark, NATO reporting name: Hokum A) is a Russian single-seat attack helicopter with the distinctive coaxial rotor system of the Kamov design bureau. It was designed in the 1980s and adopted for service in the Russian army in 1995. It is manufactured by the Progress company in Arsenyev. It is used as a heavily armed scout helicopter.[2] It is the world's first operational helicopter with a rescue ejection system
- The Kh-25/Kh-25M (Russian: Х-25; NATO: AS-10 'Karen') is a family of Soviet lightweight air-to-ground missiles with a modular range of guidance systems and a range of 10 km.[1] The anti-radar variant (Kh-25MP) is known to NATO as the AS-12 'Kegler' and has a range up to 40 km
- KH 35 ចម្ងាយបាញ់ ៣០០ គម 👈
- AT 16 The HQ-16 missile weighs 650 kg, has a length of 5.2 m and a diameter of 0.34 m. It can intercept flying aerial targets at altitudes of 15 km to 18 km. Maximum interception range for aircraft is 40 km, between 3.5 km and 12 km for cruise missiles flying at 300 m/s. The manufacturer claims the single shot kill probability is 85% against aircraft and 60% against cruise missiles. The missile has a speed of 1200 m/s
- AT 16 Russia Missile 10 Km range 👈
- 30 mm gun The 30 mm 2A42 autocannon was developed as a replacement for 2A28 Grom and has a dual feed. One is for HE-T and the other for AP-T rounds. The gunner can select one of two rates of full automatic fire, low at 200 to 300 rds/min and high at 550 to 800 rds/min.[4] According to the manufacturer, effective range when engaging ground targets such as light armoured vehicles is 1,500 m while soft-skinned targets can be engaged out to 4,000 m. Air targets can be engaged flying at low altitudes of up to 2,000 m at subsonic speeds and up to a slant range of 2,500 m 👈
- 80 mm aur surface missile @ 6 Km The S-8 is generally carried in the B series of rocket pods, carrying either seven or 20 rockets. In 2018, the Russian Aerospace Forces took delivery and completed state tests of several batches of the S-8OFP Broneboishchik, successor to the S-8. While both rockets are unguided, the S-8OFP has greater range, a heavier warhead, and a digital fuse. The rocket is intended for armament of Su-25 type aircraft and Mi-8 helicopters, depending on the settings of the fuse, is able to penetrate obstacles facing the set targets, it can also explode in front of the obstacle and behind the obstacle.👈\\
- The 9K38 Igla range at 6 Km (Russian: Игла́, "needle", NATO reporting name SA-18 Grouse) is a Russian/Soviet man-portable infrared homing surface-to-air missile (SAM) system. A simplified, earlier version is known as the 9K310 Igla-1, or SA-16 Gimlet, and the latest variant is the 9K338 Igla-S (SA-24 Grinch).
The Chinese military delegation and the Russian arms export company signed a contract for naval aviation armaments at the Russian Army 2021 Technology Forum, which closed on the 28th of last month, and the Chinese side will import 36 Ka-52K Katran or Ka-52M heavy armed helicopters from Russia at a price of $20 million each, which will directly equip the Chinese Navy’s amphibious ships, according to Hong Kong Phoenix TV’s resident Russian correspondent Lu Yuguang today.
What this unusual machine is capable of - foreign aviation experts learned at the last international aerospace exhibition in Farnborough. There, for the first time, the world's first single-seat fire support helicopter equipped with an armored cabin and a reliable rescue system was demonstrated. For the organizers of the air show, the Russian exhibit was a surprise, although aircraft of this class appeared a quarter of a century ago.
As you know, for the first time helicopters for military purposes were occasionally used by the Americans during the Second World War. In the Korean War of 1950-1953, small units were transported on helicopters, the wounded were evacuated, as well as pilots shot down over the territory of the DPRK or the open sea. They acted very effectively, and soon the number of cars increased from 25 to 125.
In August 1964, after the so-called "Incident in the Gulf of Tonkin", the Americans (again, they, but what can you do!) began aerial bombardment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and took over the fight against partisans, opponents of the Saigon regime supported by Washington. For the transfer of soldiers "Rangers" and the shelling of "suspicious" areas used serial multi-purpose vehicles. However, a heavy, clumsy helicopter of this class was not suitable for operational air support of troops. Therefore, in 1967, Bell produced a relatively small, maneuverable combat AN-1 Hugh Cobra, which carried guided and unguided air-to-ground rockets, a rapid-fire cannon or machine guns. And in the same year, the experimental design bureaus of M.L. Mil and N.I. Kamov presented to the military samples of machines of a similar purpose. Preference was given to transport and combat Mi-24 .
Note that the Americans did not immediately decide to acquire a purely combat vehicle. In 1979, the Sikorsky company released a strike version of the multi-purpose UH-60 Black Hawk. It was all-metal, with two gas turbine engines. The main rotor blades withstood hits of large-caliber bullets, the armor protected the seats of two pilots and some units, the latter partially duplicated in case of damage during shelling from the ground. Short wings were mounted below the cargo compartment with hardpoints for 16 Toy or Hellfire anti-tank rockets, as well as four cassettes, of which up to 320 anti-personnel or anti-tank mines were scattered when flying at low altitude.
The British did the same in 1984, turning the multi-purpose Westland UUC-13 Lynx into a combat one that had been under construction for seven years. The power of two gas turbine engines was enough to provide him with sufficient speed and maneuverability. The main and tail rotor blades are made of composite materials; advanced navigation and other equipment (the radar of the reconnaissance, target designation and weapon control systems was borrowed from the American Apache) allow the crew to operate not only day and night, but also in any weather. "Lynx-3" was armed with "Toy" or "Hot" guided anti-tank missiles, anti-aircraft "stingers" and a 20 or 30 mm cannon.
- And the specialists of our Design Bureau two decades ago believed that, in addition to transport helicopters, combat helicopters were also needed, - said Deputy General Designer V.A. Kasyanikov. - After all, no one is embarrassed by the coexistence in the army of armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles and tanks that are generally similar, but different in purpose. Alas, they did not listen to them then ...
But in 1972, the Americans announced a competition for a purely combat, all-weather helicopter weighing 7.2 tons, developing at least 320 km / h. Six firms participated, but only two models entered the finish line - Bell AN-63 and Hughes AN-64. In 1976, the military tested three copies and chose the AN-64, which was given the proper name "Apache".
Unlike its predecessors, its cabin and the most important units were protected by armor that could not be penetrated by large-caliber bullets. Under the main rotor, in the lower part of the fuselage, wings stuck out, which at high speeds created additional lift, but mainly served for the suspension of Toy missiles. Besides. the helicopter had a 30-mm cannon. After 13 years, the Alacha arsenal was replenished with Sidewinder missiles, for defense against fighters, the Toy was replaced by the latest Hellfire, equipped with two cumulative warheads and a radar homing head. These projectiles are capable of hitting mobile armored targets at a distance of up to 6 km. The Longbow weapons control system radar was also introduced, its antenna is located above the main rotor hub,
In 1976, a competition for a combat helicopter was announced in the USSR. He was to replace the Mi-24 . The Kamovtsy offered the Ka-25f, but Mi was preferred. But in the Design Bureau named after N.I. Kamov got the opportunity to analyze in detail the experience of American helicopter pilots in Vietnam and, later, Soviet helicopter pilots in Afghanistan. In particular, the reasons for the loss of 333 of our rotorcraft, many of which were shot down from the ground.
When attacking enemy positions, the helicopter must approach the target at a minimum height, clinging to the ground, and when it comes under fire, it must instantly change course and altitude. At the same time, its fuselage should be as narrow as possible in order to reduce the likelihood of being hit by projectiles and bullets flying towards it. It turned out that it was necessary to immediately abandon the second pilot, with which at first the military categorically disagreed, referring to the Americans - not in vain, they say. they put two in the cockpit: one will fail, the second will bring the car to the base. Kamovites reasonably recalled the famous Il-2 and Su-25 attack aircraft , where the pilot copes with both piloting and combat work, and safety is ensured by armor protection. According to this principle, the Ka-50 was designed ...
It was carried out according to the twin-screw scheme traditional for the Kamov company, equipped with powerful weapons - 12 Whirlwind supersonic anti-tank guided missiles (at a distance of 10 km they penetrate 900-mm armor), blocks for eight dozen 80-mm unguided air-to-air missiles. earth", missiles to fight an air enemy. There is also a 30mm cannon, which rotates in horizontal and vertical planes, with selective ammunition. Usually, fragmentation and armor-piercing shells are alternately placed in the tape for air guns, which leads to their unreasonably high consumption, - explained the general designer S.V. Mikheev. Ka-50 two shell boxes - for 250 armor-piercing and the same number of fragmentation shells. Choosing a target the pilot switches the weapon to the desired mode of fire - if it is at the tank, then it shoots only armor-piercing ones. They used the Tula 2A42 cannon, which is equipped with infantry fighting vehicles. And there is a reason for this. When firing, standard air guns are cooled by the oncoming air flow, they are fired in short bursts. Combat helicopters operate at low altitudes, in a dusty atmosphere, which is contraindicated for aircraft systems. A2A42 was created specifically for such conditions and is “not afraid” of long queues.
The firepower of the Ka-50 is combined with unique flight properties, which is largely determined by its design scheme. Only a coaxial helicopter is able, unexpectedly for the enemy, to go sideways at a speed of 90 km / h or suddenly work out “full back” - like the notorious UFOs. Unlike single-rotor machines, it is not threatened by deformation or breakage of a long beam, at the end of which a tail screw is placed. Yes, and in rate of climb, coaxial ones are superior to single-rotor ones, in which a fair share of engine power is taken to the tail rotor, and two screws have much more lifting force.
Ka-50 was equipped with perfect navigation and flight equipment. In particular, a display that provides information about the status of the main units and systems; an automatic course plotter coupled with the map, continuously fixing the location of the flying helicopter; equipment that receives information about targets and the environment from ground observation posts, other helicopters and aircraft, a device that warns that the car is being irradiated by other people's radars In a word, everything has been done to facilitate the work of the pilot
Our main goal was to provide him with complete confidence in the technique and in the fact that rescue is guaranteed in any conditions, Kasyanikov emphasized. the blows of fragments and large-caliber bullets are not terrible. Here is an illustrative example, after the thrust of the propellers was shot through, it continued to serve.
Secondly, the Ka-50 marked the beginning of helicopters equipped with an ejection seat for the pilot. Another 10 years ago, this was considered impossible because it is shot up just into the plane swept away by a rapidly rotating propeller. On the Ka-50, ejection occurs in just 2 seconds - after the pilot pulls the corresponding handle towards itself, the blades of both propellers are fired at once, the cockpit lantern is dropped, a special jet device carries a person up, at the same time the parachute dome opens. It is worth adding that ejection is possible at any height, starting from zero.
Many technical innovations and original engineering solutions have been embodied in the design of the Ka-50. For example, over 30% of the elements and parts are made of composite materials, including twin-spar rotor blades. For the first time, we manufactured and used such blades on the universal Ka-26 back in 1965, recalled SV Mikheev, The design and technology were patented back in 1961. Composite bearings were also introduced on the Ka-50, so lubrication is not required in almost eight dozen nodes And this greatly facilitates the maintenance of the helicopter and makes it more reliable.
V. I. Dorin, deputy head of the technical design department, emphasized that the wing with suspensions for combat load and both fuel tanks are arranged in the area of \u200b\u200bthe rotors, where the center of mass and, therefore, the consumption of fuel and ammunition do not affect centering in any way - the pilot has another less concern As for the fuel tanks, they are usually made of metal. However, when bullets and shells hit, fragments that are hot on impact break off from them, which set fire to the fuel. On the Ka-50, the tanks are also made of composite material, which does not heat up with a direct hit, and the resulting hole is tightened inner protector.
When you look at the Ka-50, you immediately pay attention to its low "landing" It turned out, and this is no coincidence - when servicing a helicopter at a field airfield, technicians will not need ladders wide folding hoods are installed. This means that maintenance will take less time and the efficiency of military equipment will increase. - We deliberately violated the well-known requirement - to lighten the design as much as possible, - V. I. Dorin explained - On the contrary, winches were built into the suspension units - only in order to facilitate and speed up the work of gunsmiths, who would not have to carry very heavy ammunition. The gun was equipped with an automatic reloader, in the receiver of which is enough to insert the first three shells, and the rest will themselves take place in its shell box.
It was worth seeing what the Ka-50 with the terrifying name "Black Shark" was doing (the other - "Werewolf" - with the image of a grinning wolf's muzzle was standing in the hangar) over the Moscow Region, branded airfield. , almost sheerly went up, again picked up speed in horizontal flight and suddenly rushed to the side without a turn, flew unusually - sideways In a word, it was aerobatics in a helicopter. The one that the organizers, participants and visitors of the international aerospace show saw this summer at the Paris airport Le Bourget, and then in the city of Zhukovsky near Moscow. Thus, the “Kamov company” (until recently, the N.I. Kamov Design Bureau) once again confirmed its high reputation.that only she designs and produces successful coaxial helicopters for various purposes, and now she has offered the Russian armed forces a unique combat helicopter.
However, Kamovites successfully equipped the national economy with specialized and universal rotorcraft. They also have the most interesting developments for the aviation of the 21st century, but they are a special conversation ...
Tactical and technical characteristics
Year of adoption - 1995
Crew - 1 person
Rotor diameter - 14.50 m
Helicopter length with rotating propellers - 15.90 m
Helicopter body length - 13.5 m
Total height - 4.9 m
Wingspan width - 7, 3 m
Weight:
- maximum - 10800 kg
- empty helicopter - 7692 kg
Static ceiling - 4000 m
Practical ceiling - 5500 m
Practical flight range - 460 km
(with normal combat load)
Maximum operational overload - 3.5 units.
Engines — 2 x GTE Klimov TV3-117VMA
Engine power — 2 x 2260 hp (2 x 1660 kW)
Vertical rate of climb — 10 m/s
Maximum speed:
in a gentle dive - 390 km / h
in level flight - 310 km / h
cruising speed - 270 km / h
flight sideways - 80 km / h
flight back - 90 km / h
Maximum payload weight - 1811 kg
Armament
Ka-50. The combat load of the helicopter reaches almost 2 tons. The armament may include anti-tank missiles, NURs of various calibers, guided air-to-air missiles, guns, bombs and other weapons.
In the anti-tank version, up to 12 Whirlwind anti-tank missiles can be suspended on underwing pylons. These missiles are automatically aimed at an air or ground target using a laser beam. These missiles have an armor penetration of up to 900 mm and can hit tanks at a distance of up to 8 km.
The Ka-50 is armed with a 30mm 2A42 rapid-fire cannon, which can be rotated in both horizontal and vertical planes. The cannon is attached close to the helicopter's center of gravity, which ensures higher firing accuracy. The gun's ammunition load includes 460 shells of two types: armor-piercing and high-explosive fragmentation shells. The type of projectile is chosen by the pilot. Each projectile weighs 0.39 kg, has an initial velocity of 980 m/s and a flight range of more than 4 km.
Ka-50-2 can carry weapons with a total weight of up to 2.5 tons. The basic set of weapons includes ATGMs, air-to-air missiles, a cannon and NURSs.
The armament of the Ka-50-2 may include:
- 12 Vikhr supersonic anti-tank guided missiles with laser guidance or 16 electro-optical guided ATGMs;
- 4 air-to-air missiles of the Stinger type;
- quick-firing 30-mm automatic gun 2A42 with a high initial velocity of the projectile, the stock of shells is 240 armor-piercing and 230 high-explosive incendiary, the rate of fire is adjustable from 350 to 600 rpm;
- 80 mm NURS cassettes.
Modifications
Ka-50-2 "Erdogan" . Ka-50-2 Erdogan is a deep modernization of the well-known combat helicopter Ka-50 "Black Shark". The Ka-50-2 was the result of the joint work of the Russian helicopter company Kamov, the state company Rosvooruzhenie and the Israeli company - the manufacturer of aviation equipment IAI - Israel Aircraft Industries Ltd.
The idea of the Erdogan project arose about 2.5 years ago, when Turkey announced its intention to completely upgrade its fleet of combat helicopters. Russia then already had a ready-made Ka-50 "Black Shark" helicopter, which was produced in the amount of only a few copies due to lack of funds to launch in a series. Nevertheless, even prototypes impressed specialists a lot with their tactical and technical characteristics. Our side produces the main part of the machine, which received the designation Ka-50-2 Erdogan, while the Israelis equip the helicopter with avionics and anti-tank missiles. In percentage terms, it looks like 80 to 20. A potential buyer got acquainted with the Ka-50-2 last summer. The Turks were pleased with what they saw. True, they asked for some changes. So, the pilots had to be planted not next to each other, but one after another,
Ka-50-2 is a highly efficient multi-purpose all-weather combat helicopter designed to perform the following tasks:
Main tasks:
- Destruction of tanks and lightly armored targets, for which the helicopter is equipped with supersonic ATGM "Whirlwind" with a range of destruction of ground targets up to 8 km.
- Conducting reconnaissance of ground targets. To do this, stabilized television and infrared sensors are installed on the helicopter, allowing you to determine the target at a distance of 20 km in the daytime and 13 km at night.
Additional tasks:
- Direct fire support of ground troops.
- Destruction of air targets with air-to-air missiles
The protective systems of the Ka-50-2 include:
- All-round cockpit armor providing protection against 12.7 mm armor-piercing bullets and fragments of 23 mm shells.
- Engine shielding, which reduces the intensity of IR radiation and thereby reduces the likelihood of being hit by missiles with an IR guidance head.
- Crew emergency rescue system, which includes K-37-800 ejection seats and a blade ejection system.
Construction:
The fuselage has a non-pressurized monoblock structure of a rectangular section, divided into several compartments. The fuselage is built from aluminum alloys and polymer composite materials (organic plastic, carbon-fiber plastic, honeycomb filler).
The tail unit consists of a vertical and horizontal stabilizer, at the ends of which wide aerodynamic ridges are installed. The Ka-50-2 has small wings that provide additional lift and are used to hang various weapons and fuel tanks. Tricycle landing gear - nose and two rear struts, which are retracted into the fuselage in flight.
Engines:
Ka-50-2 is equipped with two TV3-117VMA turbojet engines, which develop 2200 hp each. on takeoff.
Avionics:
The onboard radio electronic equipment (avionics) of the helicopter has a centralized architecture that provides maximum integration of instruments and instruments with control systems, which greatly facilitates the control of the helicopter. The control system is connected by two MIL-STD-1553B MuxBus data buses: the weapons bus and the avionics bus. The weapon bus is built according to the MIL-STB-1760B protocol and links the task processor and display information processor (MDP) that control the avionics, the weapons interface unit (AIU), the multi-purpose stabilized optical targeting system (HMOSP), the pilot's helmet-mounted sight (IHS) and wing weapon stations. The avionics bus connects the following subsystems: Communications / Identification, Navigation, EW, etc. The dual-bus architecture ensures the functional independence of the avionics and weapon control system, optimizes data flow and provides the ability to integrate with various weapon systems. The Ka-50-2 avionics allows the helicopter to conduct combat operations day and night in any weather conditions.
REP systems
Ka-50-2 is equipped with systems of both active and passive radio countermeasures. This equipment includes:
- a radar warning receiver;
- missile launch warning system;
- laser warning receiver;
- systems for ejection of dipole reflectors and IR traps.
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